本研究では、児童の防災リテラシー向上のために効果的な防災教育内容について検討した。2つの小学校で防災授業を行い、第1回授業で災害知識学習と家庭備蓄のリスト配布、宿題で通学路のリスクの地図への書き出し、第２回授業で模擬避難演習を行った。第２回授業でアンケートを実施し、児童の印象に残りやすい授業内容と意識変化を調べ、さらに回収した宿題地図を１つのデジタルマップに統合し児童の認識するリスクとその整合性を確認した。

This study examined effective lecture content that improves disaster prevention literacy among elementary school students. Lectures were conducted in two elementary schools. In the first lecture, basic disaster knowledge was explained and a checklist of emergency supplies for the home was distributed. As homework, students were asked to write down dangerous places around their homes and on the way to school. In the second lecture, an evacuation simulation drill was conducted. Students were asked to fill in a questionnaire to see the impression of the lecture slides and the change of their awareness. Also, the collected homework maps were integrated into a digital map and assessed what kind of risks that students are likely to recognize and their consistency with actual situation was examined.

本研究(N=1,168)は、性差別尺度を用いて学術界における人口統計学的変数と性差別的思想の相関関係を調査した。結果、男女平等を達成している集団は明確な性差別(overt sexism)を減らす一方で、微妙な性差別(subtle sexism)に対しては効果が低いこと、そして男性は女性よりも性差別レベルが有意に高いことがわかった。これらの調査結果は、女性の割合を増やすだけでは性差別を減少させる事は難しく、かえって男性側の抵抗に頻繁に直面する可能性を示唆した。

This investigation (N=1,168) delves into the pressing issue of sexism in higher education and examines whether gender equality within academic institutions serves to diminish its prevalence. Utilizing the Ambivalent Sexism Scale, Modern Sexism Scale, and Neosexism Scale, the study assesses sexism among diverse groups of students and staff, considering factors such as gender, age, educational background, and exposure to gender studies courses. The results reveal that gender equality groups, in contrast to gender inequality groups, exhibit lower levels of overt hostility and neosexism, particularly among female participants. However, these efforts do not comprehensively address more implicit forms of sexism, indicating the persistent nature of benevolent and modern sexism despite a climate of increased diversity. Moreover, the study finds that men consistently exhibit higher levels of sexism across all forms, aligning with broader societal patterns. This suggests that an increased representation of women in academia does not automatically lead to reduced sexism, challenging the idea that diversity alone can address entrenched sexist ideologies.

オンライン会話を対面会話と同様に行うと、他の話者と話し始めるタイミングが被る等の困難がある。対面とオンラインの違いの1つに、オンラインでは会話参加者同士が誰のことを見ながら会話しているのか分かりにくい点がある。そこで、会話参加者のオンライン特有の視線配布の特徴を言語や認知の側面から調べた。その結果、オンラインでは対面と異なる形で発話順番の交替の資源として視線が利用されていることが明らかになった。

When online video conversations are conducted in the same way as face-to-face ones, there are some difficulties, such as when the timing for starting to talk overlaps. One of the major differences between online and face-to-face conversations is that the conversation participants cannot understand the point speaker or listeners look. Therefore, I explored the characteristics of the unique online gaze’s distribution in conversation. As a result, I revealed that in online, conversation participants use the gazes as a resource of turn-taking in a different way of face to face.

The aquatic beetle Cybister rugosus (italic) has a vast distribution range from Southeast Asia to the Ryukyu Archipelago in Japan, and little is known about its genetic variations. Since the loss of regional habitat and the decrease in the number of individuals are steadily progressing in Japan, and further, there have been several confirmed extinctions among insular populations, this species is listed as endangered on the Red List by the Japanese Ministry of Environment and is also designated as a specified class II nationally rare species of wild fauna and flora quite recently. To design proper conservation strategies such as population restoration, ex-situ conservation, and other conservation translocations, their genetic information is crucial. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of C. rugosus (italic) from Cambodia and the islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago were inferred by using the mitochondrial COI gene and 10 novel microsatellite markers. The results show strong genetic divergence between the Japanese and Cambodian populations and lower genetic diversity in the Japanese populations. The study concluded that the Japanese and Cambodian populations belong to different evolutionary significant units (ESU), and the newly developed microsatellite markers are useful for the conservation genetics of this species.

Despite Guatemala's status as one of the world's leading coffee-producing nations, the country and its thousands of small producers constantly struggle to increase total output and capitalise on evolving international markets. Consequently, the long-term sustainability of this prominent industry has severely deteriorated, posing a threat not only to the livelihoods of thousands of families that directly depend on it but also hampering the growth of Guatemala’s overall economy. In response to these challenges, this paper employs an integrated approach to analyse industry and market dynamics, drawing on previous research, qualitative market data, and specialised terminology. The aim is to evaluate the impact of partnerships between Guatemalan micro-producers and Japanese local shops on the multifaceted sustainability of the coffee industry. Through this analysis, it was determined that these partnerships have the potential to enhance industry profitability, resilience to external factors, and environmental consciousness.